Spilaio Kokkinou Vrachou

Higher Geography

Region: Thessalia,
Sub-Region: Larisa,
Municipality: Tempi,
Closest Settlement: Spilia

Cave Synonyms

Namenlose Höhle in der Südwand Kokkino Vracho, Höhle 303, Stussiner-Höhle

Cave type

Natural

Protection status

• GR1420003 - Aisthitiko Dasos Ossas (Special Area of Conservation): Law 3937/2011 (OGG/Α 60/31.03.2011), Joint Ministerial Decision 50743/2017 (OGG 4432/B/15.12.17). Check site’s Standard Data Form
• GR1420007 - Oros Ossa (Special Protection Area): Law 3937/2011 (OGG/Α 60/31.03.2011), Joint Ministerial Decision 50743/2017 (OGG 4432/B/15.12.17). Check site’s Standard Data Form

Fauna

• Albaniola thessalica (Reitter, 1887), Reitter 1887, Ganglbauer 1896, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Zoia & Rampini 1991, Pretner 2011, Beron 2016, Fiera et al. 2021, Čeplík 2026
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Leiodidae
• Anemadus graecus (Kraatz, 1870), Ganglbauer 1896
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Leiodidae
• Anemadus pellitus Reitter, 1885, Ganglbauer 1896, Giachino & Vailati 1993, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Leiodidae
• Chthonius cryptus Chamberlin, 1962, Simon 1885, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Chamberlin 1962, Heurtault 1972, Mahnert 1975, Mahnert 1978, Mahnert 1979, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Pseudoscorpionida / Family: Chthoniidae
• Chthonius sestasi Mahnert, 1979, Mahnert 1979, Harvey 1991, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Pseudoscorpionida / Family: Chthoniidae
• Dolichopoda sp., Di Russo et al. 2014
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Orthoptera / Family: Rhaphidophoridae
• Duvalius zaimisi Jeannel, 1929, Jeannel 1929, Jeannel 1930, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Casale et al. 1993, Casale et al. 1996
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
• Histopona myops (Simon, 1885), Simon 1885, Bristowe 1935, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Brignoli 1972, Brignoli 1979a, Brignoli 1979b, Brignoli 1984, Gasparo 2005a, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Agelenidae
• Kryptonesticus eremita (Simon, 1879), Simon 1885, Bristowe 1935, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Brignoli 1977, Brignoli 1979a, Brignoli 1984, Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Nesticidae
• Laemostenus stussineri (Ganglbauer, 1897), Ganglbauer 1896, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Pretner 2011, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
• Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758, Stussiner & Böttger 1885
  Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Limacidae
• Mediostoma stussineri (Simon, 1885), Simon 1885, Roewer 1914, Roewer 1917, Roewer 1923, Roewer 1927, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Roewer 1951, Gruber 1978, Mitov 2002, Schönhofer 2013, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Opiliones / Family: Nemastomatidae
• Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804), Simon 1885, Bristowe 1935, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Brignoli 1977, Brignoli 1979b, Brignoli 1984, Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Tetragnathidae
• Morlina glabra (Rossmässler, 1835), Stussiner & Böttger 1885, Riedel 1992, Beron 2016, Karakasi et al. 2024
  Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Oxychilidae
• Napaeopsis ossica (O. Boettger, 1885), Stussiner & Böttger 1885, Bank & Menkhorst 1992
  Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Enidae
• Neobisium praecipuum (Simon, 1879), Simon 1885, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Pseudoscorpionida / Family: Neobisiidae
• Trechus austriacus Dejean, 1831, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
• Trechus subacuminatus Fleischer, 1898, Ganglbauer 1896, Fleischer 1898, Wolf 1937b, Wolf 1938, Pretner 2011, Beron 2016
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
• Trechus subnotatus Dejean, 1831, Ganglbauer 1896
  Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
• Zebrina detrita (O.F. Muller, 1774), Stussiner & Böttger 1885, Bank & Menkhorst 1992
  Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Enidae

Species references

• Bank R.A. & Menkhorst, H.P.M.G. 1992. Notizen zur Familie Enidae, 4. Revision der griechischen Arten der Gattungen Ena, Zebrina, Napaeopsis und Turanena (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Pupilloidea). Basteria, 56:105–158.
• Beron, P. 2016. Faune cavernicole de la Grèce. Maison d'édition Est-West., Sofia. pp. 229.
• Bosmans, R. & Chatzaki, M. 2005. A catalogue of the spiders of Greece. A critical review of all spider species cited from Greece with their localities. Newsletter Belg. Arachn. Soc., 20 (2): 1-124.
• Brignoli, P. M. 1972. Su alcuni ragni cavernicoli di Corfu. Rev. suisse Zool., 79 (2): 861-869.
• Brignoli, P. M. 1977. Ragni di Grecia X. Nuovi dati sulla Grecia continentale ed insulare. Rev. suisse Zool., 84 (4): 937-954.
• Brignoli, P. M. 1979. Ragni di Grecia XI. Specie nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee. Rev. suisse Zool., 86 (1): 181-202.
• Brignoli, P. M. 1979. Considérations zoogéographiques sur les Araignées cavernicoles de Grèce. Biol. gallo-hellen., 8: 223-236.
• Brignoli, P. M. 1984. Ragni di Grecia XII. Nuovi dati su varie famiglie (Araneae). Rev. suisse Zool., 91 (2): 281-321.
• Bristowe, W.S. 1935. 1935. The spiders of Greece and the adjacent islands.. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1934:733–788.
• Casale, A., Giachino, P. M., Vailati, D. & Rampini, M. 1993. Il genere Duvalius in Grecia: stato attuale delle conoscenze, interesse biogeografico e descrizione di una nuova specie (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Boll. Mus. civ. St. nat. Verona, 20 (1): 303-335.
• Casale, A., Giachino, P. M., Vailati, D. & Vigna Taglianti, A. 1996. Specie nuove o poco note del genere Duvalius in Grecia (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Fragm. Entomol., 27 (2): 289-346.
• Čeplík, D. 2026. Illustrated catalogue and distribution of Leptodirini from Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Zootaxa, 5783 (1), 1–759. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5783.1.1
• Chamberlin, J. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the famihes Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 123 (6): 303-352.
• Di Russo, C., Rampini, M. & Cobolli, M. 2014. The cave crickets of Greece: a contribution to the study of Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera), with the description of a new species of Troglophilus Krauss , 1879. Biodiversity Journal, 5 (3): 397-420.
• Fiera C, Arbea JI, Vargovitsh RS, & Barjadze S 2021. A synthesis on troglobitic springtails in Europe. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59, 1874– 1890. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12560
• Fleischer, A. 1898. Neue Trechus-Arten. (Coleoptera). Wien. ent. Ztg., 17: 57-59.
• Ganglbauer, L. 1896. Neue und wening bekannte Carabiden. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 46: 457-467.
• Gasparo, F. 2005. Note sulle Histopona Thorell, 1869, del gruppo Myops di Grecia, con descrizione di una nuova specie cavernicola (Araneae, Agelenidae). Atti Memorie Commissione Grotte "E. Boegan", 40: 17-35.
• Giachino, P. M. & Vailati, D. 1993. Revisione degli Anemadinae Hatch, 1928 (Coleoptera Cholevidae). Mus. Civ. di Storia naturale di Brescia, Mon. di «Natura Bresciana», 18: 1-313.
• Gruber, V. J. 1978. Weberknechte (Opiliones, Arach.) von Inseln der Ägäis. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 81: 567-573.
• Harvey, M.S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida.. Manchester University Press, 726 pp.
• Heurtault, J. 1972. Chthonius C. petrochilosi (Arachnide, Pseudoscorpion, Chthonidae), nouvelle espèce cavernicole de Grèce. Biol. gallo-hellen., 4: 19-25.
• Jeannel, R. 1929. Le sillon transegéen et description de Coléoptères cavernicoles nouveaux de la Grèce. Bull. Soc. Sci. Cluj, 2 (4): 59-84.
• Jeannel, R. 1930. Monographie des Trechinae (quatrième livraison). Supplément. L΄ Abeille, Paris., 34 (1): 54-123.
• Karakasi D, Paragamian K, Mylonas M, Vardinoyannis K 2024. What`s crawling in the dark? An annotated list of gastropods in Greek caves.. Subterranean Biology 48: 73-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.113383
• Mahnert, V. 1975. Griechische Höhlenpseudoskorpione. Rev. suisse Zool., 82 (1): 169-184.
• Mahnert, V. 1978. Weitere Pseudoskorpione (Arachnida Pseudoscorpiones) aus griechische Höhlen. Ann. Mus. Goulandris, 4: 273-298.
• Mahnert, V. 1979. Pseudoskorpione (Arachnida) aus Höhlen Griechenlands, insbesondere Kretas. Arch. Sci. Genève, 32 (3): 213-233.
• Mitov, P. G. 2002. Rare and endemic harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) species from the Balkan Peninsula. I. On Mediostoma stussineri (SIMON 1885) (Nemastomatidae) - a new species and genus for the Bulgarian fauna. Linzer biol. Beitr., 34 (2): 1639-1648.
• Pretner, E. 2011. Die Verdienste von Leo Weirather um die Biospeläologie, insbesondere Jugoslawiens, sein Höhlenkataster und seine Sammelplätze. Ber. nat.-med. Ver. Innsbruck, 97: 85-234.
• Reitter, E. 1887. Neue Coleopteren aus Europa, den angränzenden Ländern und Sibirien, mit Bemerkungen über bekannte Arten. Dt. ent. Z., 31: 241-288.
• Riedel, A. 1992. The Zonitidae (sensu lato) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Greece. Fauna Graeciae V. Hellenic Zoological Society. pp. 194.
• Roewer, C. F. 1914. Die Familien der Ischyropsalidae und Nemastomatidae der Opiliones-Palpatores. Arch. Naturg., Berlin, 80 (3): 99-169.
• Roewer, C. F. 1917. Uber Nemastomatiden und ihre Verbreitung.. Arch. Naturg., 83A (2): 140-160.
• Roewer, C. F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Jena. pp. 1116.
• Roewer, C. F. 1927. Zoologische Streifzüge in Attika, Morea und besonders auf der Insel Kreta. I. Abh. Natwiss. Ver. Brem., 26 (3): 425-460.
• Roewer, C. F. 1951. Uber Nemastomatiden. Weitere Weberknechte XVI.. Senckenbergiana 32(1/4):95–153
• Schönhofer, A. L. 2013. A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zootaxa, 3679: 1-68.
• Simon, E. 1885. Arachnides recueillies dans la vallée de Tempe sur le mont Ossa (Thessalie) par M. le Dr. J. Stussiner (de Laibach). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr., 6 (5): 209-217.
• Stussiner, J. & Böttger, O. 1885. Malakologische Ergebnisse auf Streifzügen in Thessalien. Jb. dtsch. malakol. Ges., Frankfurt a.M., 12: 128-199.
• Wolf, B. 1937. Animalium Cavernarum Catalogus. II. - Cavernarum Catalogus. Junk Verl., Wien (1934-1937). pp. 616.
• Wolf, B. 1938. Animalium Cavernarum Catalogus. III. - Animalium Catalogus. Junk Verl., Wien (1934-1938). pp. 918.
• Zoia S. & Rampini, M. 1991. Ridescrizione di Albaniola thessalica (Reitter, 1887) con note sulla sua posizione sistematica (Coleoptera, Cholevidae). Fragm. Entomol., Roma, 23(1): 93-100.. Fragm. Entomol., Roma, 23(1): 93-100

Citation

Paragamian, K. 2026. Fauna of the cave Spilaio Kokkinou Vrachou, Spilia, Tempi, Thessalia. In Paragamian, K., M. Poulinakis, S. Paragamian and I. Nikoloudakis. Cave fauna of Greece database - Hellenic Institute of Speleological Research. Cave data updated 10.02.2026, Accessed 07.07.2026