Spilaio Maara

Higher Geography
Region: Anatoliki Makedonia-Thraki,
Sub-Region: Drama,
Municipality: Prosotsani,
Closest Settlement: Angitis
Cave Synonyms
Spilaio Angiti
Cave type
Natural
Protection status
  • GR1150005 - Koryfes Orous Pangaio (Special Area of Conservation): Law 3937/2011 (OGG/Α 60/31.03.2011), Joint Ministerial Decision 50743/2017 (OGG 4432/B/15.12.17). Check site’s Standard Data Form
Fauna
  • Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758), Koutrakis et al. 2003
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Malacostraca / Order: Decapoda / Family: Astacidae
  • Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803), Paragamian 1993, Koutrakis et al. 2003, Koutrakis et al. 2005, Koutrakis et al. 2007, Subchev et al. 2007
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Malacostraca / Order: Decapoda / Family: Astacidae
  • Balcanodiscus beroni A. Riedel, 1995, Riedel 1995, Riedel 1996, Beron 2016, Karakasi et al. 2024
    Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Zonitidae
  • Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837, Paragamian 1993, Koutrakis et al. 2003
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Actinopterygii / Order: Cypriniformes / Family: Cyprinidae
  • Blaps mucronata Latreille, 1804, Lindberg 1955d, Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Tenebrionidae
  • Branchiobdella hexodonta Grube, 1888, Subchev et al. 2007
    Phylum: Annelida / Class: Clitellata / Order: Branchiobdellida / Family: Branchiobdellidae
  • Diacyclops clandestinus (Kiefer, 1926), Lindberg 1955b, Lindberg 1955d, Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016, Cerasoli et al. 2025
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Hexanauplia / Order: Cyclopoida / Family: Cyclopidae
  • Duvalius joannidisi Casale, Giachino & M. Elonti, 1990, Casale et al. 1990, Casale & Giachino 1993, Casale et al. 1993, Paragamian 1993, Giachino & Vailati 2011
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
  • Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851), Lindberg 1955c, Lindberg 1955d, Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Hexanauplia / Order: Cyclopoida / Family: Cyclopidae
  • Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), Roewer 1959, Brignoli 1979a, Paragamian 1993, Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Mammola et al. 2019
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Pholcidae
  • Laemostenus plasoni (Reitter, 1885), Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
  • Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804, Lindberg 1955d, Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Diptera / Family: Limoniidae
  • Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758), Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Mammalia / Order: Carnivora / Family: Mustelidae
  • Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820), Lindberg 1955c, Lindberg 1955d, Paragamian 1993, Beron 2016
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Hexanauplia / Order: Cyclopoida / Family: Cyclopidae
  • Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763), Roewer 1959, Brignoli 1979b, Paragamian 1993, Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Beron 2016, Mammola et al. 2019
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Tetragnathidae
  • Morlina glabra (Rossmässler, 1835), Karakasi et al. 2024
    Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Oxychilidae
  • Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757), Beron 2016, Mammola et al. 2019
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Nesticidae
  • Plusiocampa sp., Sendra et al. 2020a
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Entognatha / Order: Diplura / Family: Campodeidae
  • Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851), Beron 2016, Naumova et al. 2016, Mammola et al. 2019
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Arachnida / Order: Araneae / Family: Linyphiidae
  • Prioniomus etontii Giachino & Vailati, 2011, Giachino & Vailati 2011
    Phylum: Arthropoda / Class: Insecta / Order: Coleoptera / Family: Carabidae
  • Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758), Paragamian 1993
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Mammalia / Order: Rodentia / Family: Muridae
  • Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774), Paragamian 1993
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Mammalia / Order: Chiroptera / Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Rhinolophus hipposideros (André, 1797), Paragamian 1993
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Mammalia / Order: Chiroptera / Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Koutrakis et al. 2003
    Phylum: Chordata / Class: Actinopterygii / Order: Cypriniformes / Family: Cyprinidae
  • Vitrea neglecta Damjanov & L. Pintér, 1969, Georgiev 2016, Karakasi et al. 2024
    Phylum: Mollusca / Class: Gastropoda / Order: Stylommatophora / Family: Pristilomatidae
Cave references
  • Lindberg ,K. 1955. Notes sur le grottes de la Grèce. Acta Mus. Macedonici Sci. Nat. 3(2):41-69.
  • Petrocheilos, I. 1952. Speleological researches at Kato Nevrokopi. Bull. Soc. Speleol. Grèce Hellenic Speleological Society.
  • Petrocheilou, A. 1984. The Greek Caves. Ekdotiki Athinon 160pp.
Species references
  • Beron, P. 2016. Faune cavernicole de la Grèce. Maison d'édition Est-West., Sofia. pp. 229.
  • Bosmans, R. & Chatzaki, M. 2005. A catalogue of the spiders of Greece. A critical review of all spider species cited from Greece with their localities. Newsletter Belg. Arachn. Soc., 20 (2): 1-124.
  • Brignoli, P. M. 1979. Ragni di Grecia XI. Specie nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee. Rev. suisse Zool., 86 (1): 181-202.
  • Brignoli, P. M. 1979. Considérations zoogéographiques sur les Araignées cavernicoles de Grèce. Biol. gallo-hellen., 8: 223-236.
  • Casale, A. & Giachino, P. M. 1993. Distribution and biogeography of the subterranean Coleoptera (Insecta) in northeastern Greece. Biol. gallo-hellen., 20 (1): 231-238.
  • Casale, A., Giachino, P. M. & Etonti, M. 1990. Nuovi Coleotteri endogei e cavernicoli (Carabidae Trechinae e Bembidiinae, Cholevidae Bathysciinae) della Grecia nord-orientale e dei Rodopi Bulgari, e loro significato zoogeografico. Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 8 (2): 545-580.
  • Casale, A., Giachino, P. M., Vailati, D. & Rampini, M. 1993. Il genere Duvalius in Grecia: stato attuale delle conoscenze, interesse biogeografico e descrizione di una nuova specie (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Boll. Mus. civ. St. nat. Verona, 20 (1): 303-335.
  • Cerasoli F, Fiasca B, Di Cicco M, Galmarini E, Vaccarelli I, Mammola S, Malard F, Stoch F, Galassi DMP 2025. EGCop: An Expert-Curated Occurrence Dataset of European Groundwater-Dwelling Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda). Global Ecology and Biogeography, 34: e13953. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13953
  • Georgiev, D. 2016. Vitrea neglecta Damjanov et L. Pintér 1969 – genital anatomy of a specimen from Greece. ZooNotes, 95 (1/2): 1-2.
  • Giachino, P. M. & Vailati, D. 2011. Review of the Anillina of Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini). Biodiversity Journal, 1: 1-112.
  • Karakasi D, Paragamian K, Mylonas M, Vardinoyannis K 2024. What`s crawling in the dark? An annotated list of gastropods in Greek caves.. Subterranean Biology 48: 73-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.113383
  • Koutrakis, E., Katsaiti, L., Kallianiotis, A., Tsikliras, A., Bobori D. & Economidis, P. 2003. The aquatic macrofauna of Cave Aggitis (Maaras, Drama) - Preliminary results.. Pages 83-86 in 11th Panhellenic Conference of. Ichthyologists, 10-13 April 2003, Preveza Greece (in Greek).
  • Koutrakis, E. T., Machino, Y., Kallianiotis, A. & Holdich, D. M. 2005. Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) in the Aggitis Cave (Northern Greece). Is It a Cave-Dwelling Species?. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture (376-377): 529-538.
  • Koutrakis, E. T., Perdikaris, C., Machino, Y., Savvidis, G. & Margaris, N. 2007. Distribution, Recent Mortalities and Conservation Measures of Crayfish in Hellenic Fresh Waters. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture (385): 25-44.
  • Lindberg, K. 1955. Cyclopides (Crustacés copépodes) de la Grèce II. Fragm. Balc., Skopje, 1 (23): 189-195.
  • Lindberg, K. 1955. Cyclopides (Crustacés copèpodes) nouveaux de ľíle de Crète et du Pérou. Kungl. Fys. Sällsk. i Lund Forh., 25 (11): 1-7.
  • Lindberg, K. 1955. Notes sur le grottes de la Grèce. Acta Mus. Maced. Sci. Natur. Skopje 3: 41–69
  • Mammola S, Cardoso P, Angyal D, Balázs G, Blick T, Carter J, Danflous S, Dányi L, Déjean S, Elverici M, Fernández J, Gasparo F, Komnenov M, Ková L, Bo K, Mock A, Moldovan O, Pavlek M, Prieto C E, Ribera C, Rozwa R, Vargovitsh R S, Zaenker S, Isaia M. 2019. Continental data on cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (Arachnida : Araneae). Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e38492:1–15.
  • Naumova, M., Lazarov, S., Petrov, B. & Deltshev, C. 2016. New faunistic data on the cave-dwelling spiders in the Balkan Peninsula (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina, 7: 425-438.
  • Paragamian, K. 1993. Environmental study on the arrangement and management of the Maara cave, Kokkinogia, Drama. Final report.. Democritus University of Xanthi, Greece, 45 p. (in Greek).
  • Riedel, A. 1995. Zur Kenntnis der griechischen und türkischen Zonitidae nebst Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Malak. Abh. Mus. Tierkd., Dresden, 17 (11): 137-150.
  • Riedel, A. 1996. Die in West-Paläarktis unterirdisch lebenden Zonitidae sensu lato (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Fragm. faun., 39 (24): 363-390.
  • Roewer, C. F. 1959. Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlungen des Herrn Dr. K. Lindberg aus Griechenland, Creta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Göteborgs kungl. vet. vitterh. Samh. Handl., 8 (4): 3-47.
  • Sendra A., Antić D., Barranco P., Borko Š., Christian E., Delić T., Fadrique F., Faille A., Galli L., Gasparo F., Georgiev D., Giachino P.M., Kováč L., Lukić M., Marcia P., Miculinić K., Nicolosi G., Palero F., Paragamian K., Pérez T., Polak S., Prieto C. 2020. Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 591: 1–138. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.591
  • Subchev, M., Koutrakis, E. T. & Perdikaris, C. 2007. Crayfish Epibionts Branchiobdella Sp. and Hystricosoma chappuisi (Annelida: Clitellata) in Greece. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture (387): 59-66.
Citation
Paragamian, K. 2026. Fauna of the cave Spilaio Maara, Angitis, Prosotsani, Anatoliki Makedonia-Thraki. In Paragamian, K., M. Poulinakis, S. Paragamian and I. Nikoloudakis. Cave fauna of Greece database - Hellenic Institute of Speleological Research. Cave data updated 14.02.2024, Accessed 31.01.2026